Gear Steel And Its Heat Treatment
Traction gears for rail transit locomotives are important parts in the traction transmission of electric locomotives and electric drive diesel locomotives. The materials of locomotive gears can be roughly divided into three categories: quenched and tempered steel, nitrided steel and carburized steel. In order to obtain high-quality traction gears, most foreign manufacturers use low-carbon chromium-molybdenum steel or low-carbon chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel, and more often use guaranteed hardenability steel for carburizing, quenching and tempering.
China manufacturers generally choose surface hardened steel, mostly low-carbon alloy structural steel, and have been carburized and quenched. Sometimes medium carbon steel is used for induction hardening. Generally, the driving gear is mostly carburized steel such as 12CrNi3, 12CrNi4, 15CrNi3Mo, 15CrNi6, and the driven gear is mostly carburized steel such as 20CrMnMo, 20CrNi2Mo, 20CrNi4, 16Cr2Ni2A, and 17CrNiMo6.
At present, my country has successfully developed 16Cr2Ni2A high-speed, heavy-duty and high-power carburized gears for locomotives, which are widely used to make traction gears for 8K, 6GF, SS5, SS6B, SS7 and other locomotives. Its performance is far better than 20CrMnMo and 50CrMoA steel. Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. adopts the HXD5 high-power locomotive traction gear made of 17CrNiMo6 steel and is carburized and quenched. Dongbei Special Steel Group has developed 18CrNiMo7-6 steel for high-speed/heavy-load railway electric locomotive gear steel, which has been carburized and quenched.
- (1) Gear material
- (2) Gear heat treatment
The modulus of locomotive gears is usually 10~15mm. The heat treatment mostly adopts gas carburizing and quenching process. Generally, the depth of carburized layer is 2~4mm, and the hardness of surface and core is 58~62HRC and 30~45HRC respectively. The ideal metallographic structure is hidden Needle or fine needle martensite + a small amount of retained austenite + fine and uniformly distributed granular carbides. Table 2 shows the steel used for traction gears of electric locomotives at home and abroad and their heat treatment.
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