The Advantages Of Precision Investment Casting

Publish Time: 06/26 2021 Author: Site Editor Visit: 14610

The biggest advantage of precision casting is that because investment castings have high dimensional accuracy and surface finish, it can reduce machining work, just leave a little machining allowance on the parts with higher requirements, even some castings Only the grinding and polishing allowance is left, and it can be used without mechanical processing. It can be seen that the use of investment precision casting methods can save a lot of machine tool equipment and processing man-hours, and greatly save metal raw materials.

Another advantage of the investment casting method is that it can precision cast complex castings of various alloys, especially high-temperature alloy castings. For example, the blade of a jet engine, its streamlined profile and cooling cavity, can hardly be formed by machining technology. Production with investment precision casting technology can not only achieve mass production, ensure the consistency of castings, but also avoid the stress concentration of residual knife marks after machining. Now known as investment casting, it is a precision casting process with little or no cutting. It is an excellent process technology in the precision casting industry and has a wide range of applications. It is not only suitable for precision casting of various types and alloys, but also the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the produced castings are higher than other precision casting methods, and even other precision casting methods are difficult to cast, high temperature resistance, and difficult to process. All castings can be cast by investment casting.

Investment casting is developed on the basis of ancient wax casting. As an ancient civilization, China is one of the earliest countries to use this technology. As far back as hundreds of BC, the ancient working people of our country created this lost wax precision casting technology for precision casting with various fine patterns. Products such as clocks and dings and utensils with writing, such as the tomb of Zenghou Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period. The base of the tomb of Zenghou Yi is composed of multiple dragons intertwined with each other. They are connected end to end and staggered up and down to form a multi-layer moire pattern hollowed out in the middle. These patterns are difficult to produce by ordinary precision casting techniques, but the lost wax method is used. The precision casting process can take advantage of the fact that paraffin wax has no strength and is easy to engrave. You can use ordinary tools to engrave the same paraffin craftwork as the tomb of Zenghou Yi tomb, and then add a pouring system, coating, dewaxing, Pouring, you can get the exquisite tomb plate of Zenghou Yi.

The practical application of modern investment casting methods in industrial production was in the 1940s. The development of aviation jet engines at that time required the manufacture of heat-resistant alloy parts such as blades, impellers, nozzles, etc., with complex shapes, accurate dimensions, and smooth surfaces. Because heat-resistant alloy materials are difficult to machine and the shapes of parts are so complex that they cannot or are difficult to manufacture by other methods, it is necessary to find a new precision molding process. With the improvement of craftsmanship, modern investment casting methods have gained important development on the basis of ancient craftsmanship. Therefore, the development of the aviation industry has promoted the application of investment casting, and the continuous improvement and perfection of investment casting has also created favorable conditions for the aviation industry to further improve its performance.

Our country began to apply investment precision casting to industrial production in the 1950s and 1960s. Since then, this advanced precision casting process has been greatly developed, and it has been widely used in aviation, automobiles, machine tools, ships, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, telecommunications equipment, weapons, medical equipment, and cutting tools. Manufacturing of arts and crafts.

The so-called investment casting process is simply to use fusible materials (such as wax or plastic) to make a fusible model (referred to as investment or model), apply several layers of special refractory coatings on it, and dry and After being hardened to form an integral shell, use steam or hot water to melt the model from the shell, then place the shell in the sand box, fill with dry sand around it, and finally put the mold in the roasting furnace. High-temperature firing (if a high-strength mold is used, the mold shell after demolding can be directly fired without modeling). After the mold or mold is fired, molten metal is poured into it to obtain a casting.

The dimensional accuracy of investment castings is relatively high, generally up to CT4-6 (CT10~13 for sand precision casting and CT5~7 for die casting). Of course, due to the complex process of investment casting, there are many factors that affect the dimensional accuracy of castings. For example, the shrinkage of the mold material, the deformation of the investment mold, the linear change of the shell during the heating and cooling process, the shrinkage of the alloy and the deformation of the casting during the solidification process, etc., so the dimensional accuracy of ordinary investment castings is relatively high, However, its consistency still needs to be improved (the size consistency of castings using medium and high temperature waxes should be improved a lot).

When pressing the investment mold, the pressure type with high surface smoothness of the cavity is used, so the surface smoothness of the investment mold is also relatively high. In addition, the shell is made of a refractory coating made of a special high-temperature resistant adhesive and refractory material, which is coated on the investment mold, and the inner surface of the cavity that is in direct contact with the molten metal has a high smoothness. Therefore, the surface finish of investment castings is higher than that of general precision castings, generally reaching Ra.1.6~3.2μm.

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