The Role Of Various Elements In High-Strength Martensitic Wear-Resistant Steel

Publish Time: 06/28 2021 Author: Site Editor Visit: 17001

About 80% of the failures of mechanical parts are caused or induced by various forms of wear. Abrasion failure not only causes a lot of waste of resources, but also may directly cause huge economic losses. Mechanical parts not only require high wear resistance, but also must have high impact toughness, so as to meet the needs of modern mechanical engineering. Therefore, it is an important way to reduce the failure of mechanical parts to develop a new generation of wear-resistant steel with martensitic structure combined with modern rolling technology and prepare high-strength and high-toughness low-carbon microalloy wear-resistant materials.

According to the performance requirements of the wear-resistant steel, a reasonable chemical composition of the wear-resistant steel is designed, and the elements such as medium C, low Mn, Si, Nb, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, B are used for alloying, so that the steel has a relatively high quality after quenching. High hardness and sufficient plasticity and toughness ensure that the material has good hardenability, hardenability and wear resistance. The specific functions of each element in wear-resistant steel are as follows:

carbon. Carbon is an important element that affects the strength, hardness, toughness and hardenability of wear-resistant steel, and it is also the most important element that affects the microstructure of steel. As the carbon content increases, the hardness of the steel increases, the impact toughness decreases significantly, and the wear resistance gradually improves.
manganese. Manganese and iron form a solid solution to increase the hardness and strength of ferrite and austenite in the steel, and strongly increase the hardenability of the steel. After quenching, it is easy to obtain a martensite structure. Due to the strengthening effect of manganese, the matrix and carbides are strengthened, thereby increasing the rigidity and hardness.
silicon. Silicon exists in the austenite in the form of solid solution, which can increase the strength of the solid solution in the steel, thereby improving the wear resistance of the steel, but too high a silicon content will significantly reduce the plasticity, toughness and ductility of the steel.
chromium. Chromium is beneficial to the solid solution strengthening of steel and is suitable for the formation of carbides, thereby improving the high-temperature strength, hardness and wear resistance of steel. Chromium increases the hardenability of steel, especially when properly matched with manganese and silicon, it can greatly improve the hardenability, but at the same time it also increases the tendency of steel to temper brittleness.
nickel. Nickel is the main alloy element that forms and stabilizes austenite. Adding a certain amount of nickel can improve the hardenability, so that the steel structure retains a small amount of retained austenite at room temperature to improve its toughness.
molybdenum. Molybdenum can effectively refine the structure in low-alloy wear-resistant steel, prevent the occurrence of temper brittleness, strongly inhibit the transformation of austenite to pearlite during heat treatment, stabilize the heat-treated structure, and improve impact toughness.
boron. A small amount of boron can be adsorbed on the austenite grain boundary, reduce the energy of the grain boundary, and improve the hardenability of the steel. Air-cooled bainitic steel can be obtained with the cooperation of manganese.
Titanium, vanadium. The microalloying elements titanium and vanadium both improve the strength through grain refinement and precipitation strengthening, but the mechanism of action and strengthening degree of each element are different. The composite addition of microalloying elements has proved to have a much greater impact on the performance of steel than the single element addition, which is the result of the interaction between the elements.

By optimizing the chemical composition design of the wear-resistant steel and fully considering the interaction between the alloying elements, two martensitic wear-resistant steel materials with two strength levels are obtained. Preliminary research results show that these two refined martensitic lath microstructures can be obtained in the two-stage rolling process of controlled rolling and controlled cooling, which simplifies the process, and there is no obvious difference between the two microstructures.

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